Article Library

		ALLSCAPE's approach to in-ground lighting by Ian R. Ibbitson B.Sc.,Ph.D., MIET, CEng There are many names used for light fixtures that are installed in the ground: in-ground, well-light, up-light, and in-grade are a few of the more common ones. Many people incorrectly use the names interchangeably. In-ground and well-light represent two different fixture design approaches, and up-light and in-grade either only relay limited information, or can be misleading terms.
		Choosing Fixtures for Dark Sky usage using 3dOP by Ian R. Ibbitson B.Sc.,Ph.D., MIET, CEng This artical shows examples that illustrates some of the issues presented to specifiers when selecting fixtures suitable for dark-sky usage and also demonstrates some of 3dOP’s features.
		Dark Sky Craig DiLouie Most lighting professionals are aware that light pollution obscures night-time viewing of stars and interferes with astronomical observations, but it’s also an energy, environmental and community issue. An estimated 30 percent of energy used for outdoor lighting ends up flying into outer space-some $1.5 billion a year, according to a study conducted by the International Dark Sky Association.
		Landscape lighting using parabolic optics by Ian R. Ibbitson B.Sc.,Ph.D., MIET, CEng In any landscape lighting application, a majority of the objects in the environment are illuminated using a parabolic optic.  Whether it’s a tree, bush, column, sign, statue, or even flagpole, a parabolic optical system is used most of the time.  Understanding the basic principles of how a parabolic optic works is the key to creating a professional design for most applications.